Assessment
of, for, and as Learning
Assessment
plays a vital role in education, not only evaluating student learning but also
guiding and supporting it. There are three main types of assessment: Assessment of Learning, Assessment for Learning, and Assessment as Learning. Understanding
the differences between them helps teachers and students use assessments
effectively to enhance educational outcomes.
1. Assessment of Learning (AoL)
Assessment of learning is summative
in nature. It measures what students have learned at the end of an
instructional period—such as a unit, semester, or course.
·
Conducted
after learning has occurred
·
Usually
formal and structured
·
Results
often used for reporting to parents, educators, or authorities
What is
the purpose of (AoL)?
1.
To
certify or judge student achievement.
2.
To assign
grades or make decisions about progression.
Here are
some examples of Assessment of Learning:
·
End-of-term
exams
·
Standardized
tests (e.g., SAT, board exams)
·
Final
projects or portfolios
2. Assessment for Learning (AfL)
Assessment for learning is formative.
It happens during the learning process, providing feedback to improve learning
and teaching.
·
Ongoing and informal
·
Helps
identify student strengths and areas for improvement
· Feeds into next steps in teaching
What is
the purpose of (AfL)?
·
To inform
teachers and students about progress.
·
To adjust
instruction and support student learning as it happens.
Here are
some examples of Assessment for Learning:
·
Quizzes
and short tests during lessons (feedback, not grades)
·
Teacher
feedback on assignments
·
Observations
and discussions
·
Exit
tickets (quick summaries at the end of a lesson)
3. Assessment as Learning (AaL)
Assessment as learning emphasizes student involvement. Students assess their own learning, becoming aware of their strengths, needs, and progress.
·
Students
play an active role in the assessment
·
Focus on metacognition
(thinking about one’s own learning)
· Promotes responsibility and engagement
What is
the purpose of (AaL)?
·
To
encourage self-monitoring and self-regulation.
· To help students set learning goals.
Here are
some examples of Assessment as Learning:
·
Self-assessment
checklists
·
Peer
assessment activities
·
Learning
journals or reflections
·
Students
setting their own targets
Comparison Table
|
Type |
Purpose |
Who Assesses |
Example |
|
Assessment of Learning |
Summative – judge achievement |
Teacher |
Final exam, standardized test |
|
Assessment for Learning |
Formative – guide improvement |
Teacher (with input from
student) |
In-class quiz, feedback,
observation |
|
Assessment as Learning |
Metacognitive – self improve |
Student (self/peer) |
Self-reflection, learning
journal |
Easy-to-Understand Examples
·
Assessment of Learning:
At the end of a maths course, a final exam tests what students have learned.
Scores are used to assign grades.
·
Assessment for Learning:
During science lessons, a teacher gives short quizzes and offers feedback.
Students use this feedback to improve before the main test.
·
Assessment as Learning:
Students keep a weekly journal, reflecting on what they learned, what confused
them, and what their next focus should be.
In conclusion understanding
these three types of assessment helps educators design instruction and
feedback that support deep and lasting learning. Using them together, teachers
can support learners more effectively, and students can become more involved in
their own progress.
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