Philosophy Grade 11 (PHILO 121) Weeks 11-20
AMA OED ANSWERConsequentialism and Free Will
According to Gabriel Marcel, this refers to the "ultimate other self."
The principle which claims that some non-physical mind, will, or soul overrides physical causality.
An argument for consequentialism which states that actions are transient things, soon gone forever.
This book by Voltaire claimed that "Liberty then is only and can be only the power to do what one will."
Another term for state consequentialism.
He maintains that determinism is true because quantum phenomena are not events or things that can be located in space and time, but are abstract entities.
He suggested that no connection could be made between indeterminism of nature and freedom of will.
In consequentialism, this consists of the action itself and everything it causes.
The essay where Arthur Schopenhauer stated, "You can do what you will, but in any given moment of your life you can will only one definite thing and absolutely nothing other than that one thing."
It is the notion that all propositions, whether about the past, present, or future, are either true or false.
A concept in consequentialism where an action is morally right if and only if it does not violate the set of rules of behavior whose general acceptance in the community would have the best consequences.
This theory states that of any two things a person might do at any given moment, one is better than another to the extent that its overall consequences are better than the other's overall consequences.
It is the philosophy that all events of history, past, present, and future, have been decided or are known (by God, fate, or some other force), including human actions.
This suggests that indeterminacy of agent volition processes could map to the indeterminacy of certain physical events, and the outcomes of these events could therefore be considered caused by the agent.
Intersubjectivity and Disability
According to the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons With Disabilities, PWDs include those with long-term impairments that may hinder their full participation in society on an equal basis with others.
Habilitation is concerned with people who have acquired disabilities.
He introduced the concept of intersubjectivity aimed to designate an individual capacity and a social domain, hence the term "intersubjectivity of mutual understanding."
This approach suggests that human beings subscribe to "thought communities" rather than being individual or universal thinkers.
The UN Declaration on the Rights of Mentally Retarded Persons took place in what year?
In the US, this was signed into law in 1990 with the aim to end discrimination against individuals with disabilities.
Per UNICEF, what is the maximum age for the so-called "children with disabilities"?
The Philippines' "Magna Carta for Disabled Persons" is also known as ____.
This refers to problems in body function or alterations in body structure, such as paralysis or blindness.
Which of these fields of study does not entail the use of the term "intersubjectivity"?
The work of Edith Stein which served as an extended basis of intersubjectivity.
His research suggests that as babies, humans are biologically wired to "coordinate their actions with others."
The author behind the doctoral dissertation "On the Problem of Empathy" which served as an extended basis of intersubjectivity.
Aside from the Supplemental Security Disability Insurance (SSDI), what is the other program of the US federal government to assist persons with disability?
"People First Language" eliminates generalizations, assumptions, and stereotypes by focusing on the person rather than discussing disability issues.
The organization behind "Global Disability Action Plan 2014-2021" which intends to help countries address health concerns of persons with disabilities.
Agrarianism and Technology
It refers to a society driven by the use of technology to enable mass production, thus supporting a large population.
The author of "The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics" which stated that the Eucharist was actually and not virtually the body of Christ.
This period is considered the transition to agriculture.
The author behind "The Question Concerning Technology."
The primary source of energy within agrarian societies.
The philosopher behind virtuality.
Feudalism was considered a way of life during this period.
The exact name of the sacrament in the Roman Catholic Church involved in Martin Luther's "The Sacrament of the Body and Blood of Christ—Against the Fanatics."
Author of "Méditations sur le réel et le virtuel" which gave virtuality another core meaning.
This is where horticulture and agriculture as types of subsistence developed among humans somewhere between 10,000 and 8,000 years ago.
It is identified as a catalyst for the transition to post-modern society.
It concentrates on the fundamental goods of the earth, communities of more limited economic and political scale, and on simple living.
Which is a focal point of agrarianism?
Its focal points include simple living and fundamental goods of the earth.
Existentialism and Consciousness
The state when the mind is in communion with universal and eternal ideas.
The term used to refer to an aspect of reality that is ideal yet real.
Andrei Linde considered that just like space-time, this might have its own intrinsic degrees of freedom, and that one's perceptions may be as real as material objects.
The philosopher who considers our body as the source of endless trouble.
An event that represents the permanent cessation of all biological functions that sustain a living organism.
Another word for escaping existence.
The philosopher behind Bergsonism.
It is a philosophical school of thought stating that the efforts of humanity to find inherent meaning will ultimately fail because the sheer amount of information and the vast realm of the unknown make total certainty impossible.
According to Socrates, the secret to this is in developing the capacity to enjoy less.
He characterized nihilism as emptying the world, and especially human existence, of meaning, purpose, comprehensible truth, and essential value.
It refers to the view that only reason is the chief source and test of knowledge.
It refers to a controversial field which tries to find neural correlates and mechanisms of religious experience.
Albert Camus' chief work involving absurdism.
The German philosopher who stated that one cannot fully live unless he confronts his own mortality.
It states that everything that exists is no more extensive than its physical properties, hence, there are no non-physical substances.
It is grounded in the idea that everything in the world can actually be reduced analytically to its fundamental physical, or material, basis.
This holds that the mind is a nonphysical substance, the seat of consciousness and intelligence, and is not identical with physical states of the brain or body.
Quarterly Exam Review
This refers to the capacity to know everything that there is to know and is a property often attributed to a creator deity.
Edmund Husserl's best-known text on intersubjectivity.
This refers to the treatment or consideration of, or making a distinction in favor of or against, a person based on the group, class, or category to which the person is perceived to belong rather than on individual attributes.
This refers to the capacity of a concept to be readily and accurately communicated between different individuals and to be reproduced under varying circumstances for the purposes of verification.
He is the founder of phenomenology.
This is concerned with people with developmental disabilities.
The form of incompatibilism which posits that determinism is false and free will is possible.
Daniel Stern developed this to focus on research on the non-verbal communication of infants, young children, and their parents.
He posits that causality was a mental construct used to explain the repeated association of events, and that one must examine more closely the relation between things regularly succeeding one another.
It states that human meaning is derived from a fundamental fear of death, and values are selected when they allow us to escape the mental reminder of death.
Martin Heidegger, in "Being in Time," referred to this as something that shows itself in itself.
The Philippines' Department of Health implements Republic Act No. 7277, also known as the "Magna Carta for Disabled Persons."
UNICEF released the so-called "Global Disability Action Plan 2014-2021" which intends to help countries direct their efforts towards specific actions in order to address health concerns of persons with disabilities.
Rule consequentialism exists in these forms, except for...
Frequently Asked Questions
What is consequentialism in philosophy?
Consequentialism is a moral theory that judges the rightness or wrongness of an action based on its consequences. For example, plain scalar consequentialism states that one action is better than another if its overall consequences are better, while rule consequentialism holds that an action is right if it follows rules whose general acceptance would yield the best outcomes.
What is intersubjectivity, and who are its key contributors?
Intersubjectivity refers to shared understanding within thought communities, emphasizing mutual capacity for empathy and communication. Key contributors include Jurgen Habermas, who coined "intersubjectivity of mutual understanding," Edith Stein with her work "On the Problem of Empathy," and Edmund Husserl through "Cartesian Meditations."
What are the key laws and programs for disability rights mentioned?
The Americans with Disabilities Act (1990) aims to end discrimination against individuals with disabilities in the US. The Philippines’ Magna Carta for Disabled Persons (RA No. 7277) supports disability rights. The US also has the American Association of People with Disabilities (AAPD) and Supplemental Security Disability Insurance (SSDI) as key programs.
How does agrarianism differ from industrial society?
Agrarianism focuses on simple living, fundamental goods of the earth, and smaller-scale communities, relying on plant biomass as a primary energy source. Industrial society, driven by technology for mass production, supports larger populations and contrasts with agrarianism’s emphasis on simplicity and sustainability.
What is absurdism, and how does Albert Camus contribute to it?
Absurdism is a philosophical school asserting that humanity’s search for inherent meaning fails due to the vast unknown and information overload, making total certainty impossible. Albert Camus’ chief work, "The Myth of Sisyphus," explores this concept, emphasizing the struggle to find meaning in an indifferent universe.