Philosophy Grade 11 (PHILO 121) Weeks 1-10
AMA OED ANSWEREnvironmental Philosophy
James Lovelock's "Gaia Hypothesis" states that "the planet earth alters its geo-physiological structure over time in order to ensure the continuation of an equilibrium of evolving organic and inorganic matter."
Sheila Collins emphasized the importance of feminism to the environmental movement and various other liberation movements, arguing that the domination of women by men is historically the original form of domination in human society.
According to Arne Naess and George Sessions, humans have the ultimate right to reduce the richness of other life forms to satisfy the vital needs of the former.
Ecologic extension focuses only on the worth of the environment in terms of its utility or usefulness to humans.
The "Deep Ecology Movement" subscribes to anthropocentric environmentalism.
It is the discipline in philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to the environment and its non-human contents.
Aldo Leopold wrote this book in 1949 which emphasized the importance of giving importance to land as an entity.
Environmentalism is the position that humans are the most important or critical element in any given situation; that the human race must always be its own primary concern.
Arne Naess refers to this as the fight against pollution and resource depletion, the main goal of which is the health and affluence of people in the developed countries.
Transcendental Philosophy
Kant used transcendental arguments to show that sensory experiences would not be possible apart from our contributing to them their spatial and temporal form, as narrated in this book.
It often refers to an experience with the divine or supreme being, which is conceived as absolute or infinite.
The philosopher who introduced the term "transcendental" to better explain the possibility of being beyond the limits of all possible experience and knowledge.
This book written by Immanuel Kant was used to argue for a deep interconnection between the ability to have self-consciousness and experience a world of objects.
He developed the concept of transcendental philosophy which he liberated from the convergence of neo-Kantianism.
This philosophical movement arose to protest against the general state of intellectualism and spirituality during the late 1820's.
It refers to the quality or state of being contained within the boundaries of a person, the world, or the mind.
Prudence and Wisdom
Which of these is not an integral part of prudence?
According to Aristotle, prudence begins with an understanding of the principles of practical reason, better known as synderesis.
In Cartesian philosophy, the integral parts of prudence are the elements that must be present for any complete or perfect act of the virtue.
This is where the circumstances must be weighed to determine the correct action.
This integral part of prudence refers to the understanding of first principles.
The ability to discern and apply higher laws to matters that fall outside the scope of the more common or lower rules that typically guide human action is called synesis.
Solertia is the Latin term for shrewdness, which is an integral part of prudence.
What is the Greek term for "wisdom"?
King Solomon's teachings about wisdom were further narrated in this book of the Holy Bible.
The god of wisdom in Hinduism.
Logical and Ethical Concepts
The Fallacy of Ad Hominem involves the rejection of some person's position not by virtue of the argument itself, but by virtue of some unlikeable aspect of the person.
Consequentialist ethical theories maintain that whether an action is right or wrong is often independent of whether its consequences are good or bad.
A statement that expresses someone's belief, view, or judgment about something/someone.
Which is not true about opinions?
It is a statement that is objective in nature and well-supported by evidence.
Tom Regan introduced the so-called "non-identity problem," which states that we do not have obligations to future people because there is no definitive group of individuals to whom such obligations are owed.
Materialism refers to the monistic theory that the world consists purely of matter.
What doctrine states that a word acquires its meaning only within the context of a proposition or sentence?
In the context of philosophy of language, this refers to the position that sentences have meaning that are independent of their relations to other sentences or beliefs.
What is the other term used for epistemological holism?
General Philosophical Terms
Known as the "father of phenomenology."
His "looking out" notion in reflective practice was inspired by the work of Barbara Carper's fundamental ways of knowing.
In W.V.O Quine's name, "O" stands for what?
Which of the following is the South African statesman who introduced the term "holism" in a book he wrote in 1926?
This book by Terry Borton popularized a learning cycle composed of the questions "What," "So what?," and "Now what?"
What is the Greek term for "all" or "total"?
The author of "The Reflective Practitioner," a book that introduced the concept of reflection-in-action which explains how professionals meet the challenges of their work with a kind of improvisation.
The philosopher who stated that opinion is intermediary between knowledge and ignorance.
Chris Argyris and Donald Schön conceptualized the idea of single-loop learning and double-loop learning in what year?
This refers to a specific manner of consideration when it comes to how one sees something.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the Gaia Hypothesis proposed by James Lovelock?
The Gaia Hypothesis states that the planet Earth alters its geo-physiological structure over time to ensure the continuation of an equilibrium of evolving organic and inorganic matter, suggesting a self-regulating system.
What is the difference between deep ecology and shallow ecology?
Deep ecology, supported by Arne Naess, emphasizes the intrinsic value of all life forms and promotes human population control and simple living. Shallow ecology focuses on fighting pollution and resource depletion primarily for the health and affluence of people in developed countries.
What is transcendental philosophy according to Immanuel Kant?
Transcendental philosophy, as developed by Kant, explores how sensory experiences are shaped by our contribution of spatial and temporal forms, arguing that self-consciousness and the experience of objects are deeply interconnected, as discussed in his book "Critique of Pure Reason."
How does Aristotle define prudence?
Aristotle defines prudence as beginning with an understanding of the principles of practical reason, known as synderesis. It involves elements like intelligentia (understanding of first principles) and prudential judgment (weighing circumstances for correct action).
What is the role of environmental ethics in philosophy?
Environmental ethics is a branch of applied philosophy that studies the moral relationship of human beings to the environment and its non-human contents, examining the conceptual foundations of environmental values.