DIRR-112 Week 1-9
AMA OED ANSWERDisaster Risk and Hazards
Question: Critical facilities and lifelines are usually affected by a high magnitude hazard.
Question: Disasters can cause death, diseases, destruction and displacement.
Question: A disaster has occurred because a hazard hit an area without people and their assets.
Question: Hazards and disasters are one and the same.
Question: Hazard is not a dangerous event or substance.
Question: Armed conflicts and wars are natural hazards.
Question: Fire is an example of a natural hazard.
Question: Fire is an example of a human-sourced hazard.
Question: The Marawi armed political conflict is an example of a natural hazard.
Question: Earthquake is natural hazards resulting from geological processes.
Question: Earthquake is human sourced hazard resulting from geological processes.
Question: An earthquake may be classified as either tectonic or volcanic.
Question: Hazard as it is, is not a disaster, but can cause massive and complex disasters.
Vulnerability and Exposure
Question: People in disaster affected areas do not suffer from psychological trauma after experiencing a devastating calamitous event.
Question: Elements at risk can also be categorized into tangible and intangible. The intangibles include social cohesion, community structure, and cultural losses.
Question: Physical risk factors can either lessen or aggravate one's vulnerability to hazards, for example the level of strength of a building and the presence or absence of fire exits in the case of an earthquake.
Question: Exposure is one of the key determinants of disaster risk.
Question: The Philippine Disaster Risk Reduction and Management Act of 2010 defines exposure as 'the degree to which the elements at risk are likely to experience hazard events of different magnitudes'.
Question: Aside from physical exposure, livelihoods and economic assets can be considered in measuring exposure of the elements at risk.
Question: People living in poor developing countries have more vulnerabilities than those living in developed countries.
Question: Gender and age are risk factors that make recovery more difficult.
Question: Women, poor people, and people with disability are usually included in marginalized and most vulnerable groups.
Question: Complex web of interlinked conditions which include physical, social, economic, environmental factors.
Question: Susceptibility, weakness, fragility are other terms for vulnerability.
Question: People living in rich developed countries have more vulnerabilities than those living in poor developing countries.
Disaster Risk Reduction and Capacity
Question: Disaster risk reduction aims to reduce the damages and loss caused by hazards. One of the key risk reduction measures is to reduce exposure to hazards.
Question: Understanding of vulnerability and capacity can be best done through vulnerability and capacity assessment.
Question: Savings, good governance, and life-saving skills are examples of capacity.
Question: Examples of measures to increase capacity and reduce vulnerability include training and education, sustainable livelihood, and adequate food supply.
Question: Some participatory tools for capacity and vulnerability assessment include resources mapping, community watching, transect walk, livelihood and coping analysis.
Question: The development efforts of a country is affected by a disaster because the money intended for development may be diverted to more pressing relief efforts.
Question: Developmental perspective considers disasters as a challenge to development as they negate years of hard earned advances in education, health, social and economic areas.
Earthquake Hazards and Preparedness
Question: The intense vibration of the ground is known as ground shaking.
Question: The deformation on the ground that marks the intersection of the fault plane with the earth's surface is known as ground rupture.
Question: A process where particles of loosely consolidated and water-saturated deposits of sand are rearranged into more compact state, squeezing water and sediments towards the surface in the form of sand fountain and creating a condition resembling to a 'quick sand' is called liquefaction.
Question: Landslides and liquefaction due to ground shaking brought about by an earthquake are considered secondary effects.
Question: Ground rupture which is the surface expression of an earthquake choices magnitude 5.5-6.0 is known as primary effect of earthquakes.
Question: Fires, spills of hazardous chemicals and flooding are considered as collateral effects.
Question: In interpreting earthquake hazard maps, the color code for high risk areas is red.
Question: The color code for no risk areas is white.
Question: The color code for medium risk areas is orange.
Question: The color code for low risk areas is yellow.
Question: After an earthquake, always be prepared for aftershocks.
Question: The Dock, Cover and Hold is a 'must do' after an earthquake.
Question: The following should be done after an earthquake except: Don't use matches, candles, or any flame. Broken gas lines and fire don't mix.
Question: The three things that should be done before an earthquake: Learn first aid; Learn how to turn off the gas, water, and electricity in your home; Make up a plan of where to meet your family after an earthquake.
Question: The three things that should be done during an earthquake: Do not panic; Fix heavy furniture, cupboards, and appliances to the walls or floor; If you're in a car, stop driving until the earthquake stops.
Question: Don't use elevators during an earthquake, as they'll probably get stuck anyway.
Tsunami and Volcanic Hazards
Question: A phenomenon which produce giant sea waves generated mostly by vertical displacement of the ocean floor associated with a strong and shallow submarine earthquake is called tsunami.
Question: All submarine earthquakes can cause tsunamis.
Question: If you experience the signs of impending tsunami, the best action to take is: immediately leave the low-lying coastal areas and move to higher ground.
Question: There is impending tsunami if: all of the choices.
Question: Provinces that are at risk to tsunami: Sulu/Tawi-tawi/Basilan/Batanes.
Question: For locally-generated tsunamis, where you might feel the ground shake, you may only have a few minutes to move to higher ground.
Question: Lava flows are streams of molten rock that pour or ooze from an erupting vent.
Question: Increase in the frequency of volcanic quakes with rumbling sounds and occurrence of volcanic tremors are signs of impending volcanic eruption.
Question: Ballistic projectiles are rocks that an erupting volcano may hurl into the air.
Question: Lahars are a specific kind of mudflow made up of volcanic debris.
Question: Pyroclastic flows contain a high-density mix of hot lava blocks, pumice, ash and volcanic gas.
Question: Both ash fall and pyroclastic flows can destroy agricultural lands.
Hazard Maps and Risk Assessment
Question: Hazard maps are used to help understand the areas that may be affected by specific volcanic eruption phenomena.
Question: Volcano hazard maps illustrate potential for ground-based volcanic impacts-lava flows, pyroclastic flows, ash fall, volcanic gases, and more far-reaching hazards (such as lahars) in valleys that drain the volcano.
Question: The legend in the map tells you what different colors and signs mean in the map. It works as a decoder of the data presented in the map.
Question: In assessing disaster risk, the framework used is DR=HE, where DR stand for disaster risk, H for Hazard, E for Exposure and V for Vulnerability.
Question: Shows the dangerous areas: HAZARD MAPS.
Question: Very high risk: RED COLOR SIGNIFIES.
Question: No risk: WHITE COLOR SIGNIFIES.
Question: Map is a very important tool. It shows what places in the country, which are at risk to earthquakes.
Question: Map shows the places in the country which are at risk to tsunamis.
Question: Hazard Maps show the places in the country which are at risk to: earthquake, tsunami, or landslides.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between a hazard and a disaster?
A hazard is a dangerous event or condition that has the potential to cause harm, while a disaster occurs when a hazard impacts vulnerable people and assets, causing significant damage and loss. UNDRR clarifies these distinctions.
What is vulnerability in the context of disaster risk?
Vulnerability refers to the conditions that make people, property, or systems susceptible to the impacts of hazards, including physical, social, economic, and environmental factors. PreventionWeb explains its role in disaster risk.
What is a vulnerability and capacity assessment?
A vulnerability and capacity assessment (VCA) is a process to identify a community's vulnerabilities to hazards and its capacities to cope and recover, using tools like resource mapping and community watching. IFRC outlines its methodology.
What are the key actions to take during an earthquake?
During an earthquake, drop, cover, and hold under sturdy furniture, avoid elevators, and stop driving if in a vehicle until the shaking stops. Ready.gov provides detailed preparedness guidelines.
What are the signs of an impending tsunami?
Signs include severe ground shaking, seawater receding from the coast, or a loud roaring sound like a train or jet. Immediate evacuation to higher ground is critical. NOAA Tsunami Program explains these warning signs.
How do hazard maps help in disaster preparedness?
Hazard maps identify areas at risk from specific hazards like earthquakes or tsunamis, using color codes to indicate risk levels, aiding in planning and mitigation. USGS discusses their importance in risk reduction.